Weekly First-aid Topic: Beware of tetanus in trauma treatment
From:Beijing Municipal Health Commission
Date:08/14/2020

  Tetanus bacillus is an anaerobic bacterium, which is easy to grow and  reproduce in anaerobic environment or deep wounds accompanied by aerobic  infection. Therefore, tetanus bacillus is more common in soil and rust. But  tetanus bacillus does not only exist in rust or soil. According to clinical  research, when patients get deep contaminated wounds, especially  soil-contaminated wounds, or rust-like iron-contaminated wounds, it is necessary  to take a tetanus vaccine injection. The vaccine should be injected as soon as  possible within 24 hours, but there is still injection value after 24 hours.  Although tetanus can be onset within 24 hours, the incubation period can be one  week or longer. If you seek medical treatment more than 24 hours after getting  wounded, you could use tetanus antitoxin or tetanus immune globulin. In the  early onset of tetanus infection, there are prodromal symptoms such as fever,  headache, malaise, muscle aches, salivation, sweating and agitation. The typical  signs are a wry smile caused by masticatory muscle spasm, closed teeth, and  opisthotonos caused by persistent back muscle spasms. Because of autonomic  nervous system dysfunction, it may also lead to arrhythmia, blood pressure  fluctuations and dehydration caused by excessive sweating. In the treatment of  small wounds of adults, 3% hydrogen peroxide can be used to clean the wound or  disinfect with iodophor, and it is not necessary to bind up the wound. The  living condition of tetanus is an anaerobic microenvironment. After the wound or  wound surface is properly treated, an aerobic and sterile environment has been  formed. Therefore, not binding up the wound is also a way to prevent tetanus. If  the child is injured on the skin and the hydrogen peroxide is too irritating,  you can wash the wound with clean water, then disinfect it with iodophor, and  use a band-aid to temporarily cover the wound to stop bleeding. If the wound  cannot be cleaned after a few minutes, or if the bleeding does not stop and  there are signs of infection (congestion, swelling, suppuration), you should go  to hospital in time. If the wound is too deep and the bleeding does not stop,  please seek medical treatment immediately or call 120 for help.