Ⅰ. General Situation of the Epidemics
This week (from April 14, 2008 to April 20, 2008), 2,328 cases of 14 kinds of legal infectious diseases with 3 dead cases (2 cases of hepatitis B, 1 case of AIDS) are reported in 18 districts and counties in the whole city. Among them, there are 1,299 cases of 10 kinds of class B infectious diseases, an increase of 7.62％ compared with last week and 21.40% compared with the same period of last year. The top ten diseases according to the number of reported cases are: diarrhea, tuberculosis, hepatitis B, measles, syphilis, scarlatina, hepatitis C, gonorrhea, hepatitis (not classified) and hepatitis E etc.; 1,029 cases of 4 kinds of class C infectious diseases are reported, an increase of 10.41％compared with last week and 51.77% compared with the same period of last year, which is mainly due to the increase of incidence proportion of other infectious diarrhea.

Ⅱ. Analysis of the Major Epidemics

(Ⅰ) Measles
　　
This week, a total of 124 cases of measles are reported, 6 more than last week and 17 more than the same period of last year. Those infected are mainly 0-year-old infants, and youths and adults aged between 15 and 39, whose occupation varies from scattered-living children, migrant workers, business service persons, domestic helpers, students and the unemployed.

Up to April 20, there have been a total of 713 reported cases in Beijing, down 28.77% over the same period of last year.

(Ⅱ) Diarrhea
　
This week, a total of 429 cases of infectious diarrhea are reported, up 16.58％ over last week and up 49.58％ over last year. Outbreaks can be seen in every age group, with infants, children and the young and middle-aged reporting the most cases. The professional population affected is mainly scattered-living children, cadres and staff, students and the retired.
　　
Up to April 20, the city has reported a total of 3,925 cases of infectious diarrhea, up 27.27％ over the same period of last year.

 (Ⅲ) Chickenpox
52.89％和31.91％。

Some 467 cases of chickenpox are reported this week, up 21.30％ over last week. The professional population affected is mainly students and preschool kids, accounting for 52.89％ and 31.91％respectively.  
  
 Up to April 20, there have been a total of 5,260 reported cases, down 15.40% over the same period of last year.

III. Foreign Epidemic Situation

 (Ⅰ) Island of Madagascar: Rift Valley Fever(RVF) Epidemic

Some 418 suspected RVF cases were reported by the local health department of Madagascar on April 19, with 17 killed (a fatality ratio of 4%). RVF virus was detected in 59 suspected cases by the WHO’s laboratory in Madagascar. On April 9, the local agricultural sector reported to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) the occurrence of RVF epidemic among animals. 

(Ⅱ)Cambodia: Dengue Fever Epidemic
Cambodian health authorities announced on April 19 that a total of 427 cases of dengue fever occurred in 3 provinces of north central Cambodia, with 8 children killed. In 2007, around 4,000 cases of dengue fever were reported, which killed 407 people.

 (Ⅲ) Nepal: Meningitis Epidemic
On April 17, Nepalese health authorities announced that since the beginning of this year, meningitis Epidemic had broken out in almost every region of Nepal, with the most severely affected regions of Cone, Madaoua, Irela, and Sai. Up to now, 61 of the 1, 110 reported cases have been killed.

 (Ⅳ) Vietnam: Cholera Epidemic
On April 17, 70 cases of acute watery diarrhea were reported in 10 provinces and cities of Vietnam, with 3 cases of cholera. Since March 5, there have been a total of 1,800 acute watery diarrhea cases reported in 19 provinces and cities, with 326 cases of cholera. The most severely affected provinces are Henei, Haifang, Qinghua and Hexi.

(Ⅴ) Egypt: Once Case of Bird Flu Epidemic
On April 17, Egyptian health authorities announced another case of bird flue, a two-year-old boy, who lives in Sharkia Province in The Nile Delta. He has been in hospital since April 14, the day after the symptoms showed up. The boy, whose condition is now stable, had contact with sick poultry which died finally. Up to April 17, there have been a total of 50 reported cases, with 22 killed.
 
 (Ⅵ) South Korea: “Orange” Warning against Bird Flu Issued
On April 16, the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Republic of Korea said they had confirmed 20 places struck by bird flu, at least 6 of which by highly pathogenic H5N1-type. South Korean government announced that the “Orange” warning degree had expanded to the whole country from the southwest areas, where the epidemic was severe before. “Orange” refers to the second emergency degree according to the Bird Flu Warning System of South Korea. Meanwhile, the local government required their troops and firemen to stand ready to control the epidemic.
　　
 (Ⅳ)Key Notes

Intestinal infectious diseases reported this week: four categories, namely diarrhea, hepatitis (not classified), hepatitis E and hepatitis A totaling 460 cases, accounting for 35.41％ of all reported cases of Type B infectious diseases, up 13.58% over last week and up 46.96％ over last year. With the rising temperature, incidence of intestinal infectious diseases in Beijing is going to further increase. Therefore, industrial and commercial administrations, quality supervision departments and health supervision departments at all levels should intensify supervision in food and beverage industry so as to ensure food hygiene and safety. Meanwhile, health and epidemic prevention departments at all levels should take the initiative to detect, control and report intestinal infectious diseases to prevent the epidemic from further expanding.